Dyneins. Structure, Biology and Disease

The cover montage consists of two images that re?ect the diverse activities of dynein motors. At top right is a cryo-electron microscope tomographic reconstruction of the Chlamydomonas fagellum revealing the inner and outer arms associated with doublet microtubules of the axonemal superstructure, as well as the radial spokes and the central-pair microtubule complex that are involved in dynein regulation. In addition, an intrafagellar transport particle involved in organelle assembly is evident protruding between one doublet microtubule and themembrane. These particles are moved bidirectionally: a heterotrimeric kinesin nis the motor necessary for movement from the cell body to the site of assembly at the distal tip, whereas an isoform of cytoplasmic dynein is required for recycling components in the retrograde direction back to the cell body.